Mortising-machine



. u e Me .n s h. MW e h S 2 R E M I E H N E P P 0 J m d 0 M 0 m MORTISING MACHINE.

Patented Oct ea O a aenZaaMT .1 9 A 2 E! IEWEEEMEE.Em. EEEE Q t mhuv a N. PETERS. FMIo-Lnhognpher, Washington. DC.

(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2.

J. OPPENHEIMER.

MORTISING MAGHINE. No. 307,065. Patented 0013.21, 1884.

, head 5 Fig. 4, a detail in perspective ot the osc1l-,

iUNirnn STATES PATENT JAMES OPPENHEIMER, OF SHENANDOAH, W

MORTISING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 307,065, dated October 21, 1884.

' Application filed May 7, 1884. (No model.)

To a-ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Janus Orrm'r-rnmrnn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Shenandoah, in the county of Page and State of Iowa, have invented new and useful Improvements in llIortising-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to mortising-machines;

and it consists, primarily, in combining with a crank rotary power such as used in the carpenters rotary boring-machine a niortising device instead, of the boring-bit operated by an oscillating movement, whereby the rotary movement is caused to give an oscillating movement to a mo'rtising-tool for cutting inortises. a

The object of my improvement is to convert the carpenters portable boring-machine into a inortising-machine. For this purpose I provide a mortising appliance for such machine, consisting of an oscillating cutter-head carried by a vertically-operating stock, and operate said cutter-head by a revolving shaft carried by said stock, having a driving-head adapted to operate the oscillating cutter-head by a suitable cam action. The mortising appliance is connected to the gearing-head in such manner as to be interchangeable with the ordinary boring-bit, so that the machine can be used for boring as well as for mortising. These objects I accomplish by the construction hereinafter described, and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 represents a view in perspective of a carpenters boring-machine with my improved mortising appliance; Fig. 2, a view in perspective of the sliding stock, its oscillating mortising cutter-head, and its revolving operating-shaft; Fi 3, a vertical section taken transversely through the oscillating cutterlating inortising cutter-head; Fig. 5, an enlarged bottom view ofthe mortising-cutter; Fig. 6, a side view of the oscillating 'mortising cutter-head, showing its relation to the revolving driving-head;Fig. 7, a view of the drivinghead. Fi 8, represents detail views of the cutter to show the beveled end cutters; Fig. 9, a bottom view of the clamping device for the bed-frame, and Fig. 10 a cross-section of the clamping device.

B, or-cast with it, is a driving-head, D, having on its lower end at one side a downward canioperating projection, I), for engaging with the hollows or steps 0 a of the roclccam H of the cutter-head. The revolutions of the shaft 0., with its projection 11 engaging in the cam hollows or steps 0 0, cause the cutter-head to oscillate, and its cutter F to clip the shavings alternately across the grain, and by thus .operating a square hole is formed. The said cutter-head has a journal, d, on each end, which works in bearings in the frame A near its lower end. The cutter-head is flat on the lower side, while on the opposite or upper side it has the hollows or steps a c, as before inentionechwhieh forms a kind of rocking cam, which engages with the downward projection Z) on the driving-head when in operation. The said cam-operating project-ion b on the driving-head and the hollows or steps of the rockcam are cast on a chill, or are of the proper metal to be case-hardened. This is of importance in order to prevent them from wearing, as there is great power required of them when in operation. The cutter proper, F, has two cutting-edges, a c, and is attached to the bottom or fiat side of the cutter-head by screws or otherwise. In connection with the said cut.- ter, while it has two shaving cutting-edges, e c, it has formed on each end a segmental cutter, f f, projecting downwardly therefrom, for the purpose of cutting the end walls of the mortise by making cross rips or furrows across the grain of the wood in advance of the cuttingedges c 0, so that the latter may do their work easier and not splinter the surface of the wood in starting by reason of furrows having been first cut; but the important part of the segmental end cutters is in the shape of their teeth. It will be observed that these cutterteeth are beveled all on the inside of the segmental projection so as to form connected cutting-edges, to make a clean cross-cut back and forth, or with each oscillation of the cutter-head. They do not stand as in a common handsaw, but are more on the plan of the teeth in a mowing-machine sickle, but not so much in the book form as that of the sickletoot-h, but more of a knifecdge. From the center of the segmental cntterf each section of cutter-teeth stand with their cutting-edges from each other in the direction of the knifeedges 0 0, so that they stand in the right form. for back and forth cuts. The cutterteeth are filed very slanting, almost or quite as much so as sickle-teeth, thus affording no chance for the sawdust to clog between them.

It will be seen in the accompanying drawings that I have provided hook-like projections 7.: 7; in a shelf form near the lower end of the frame A, on each side thereof, which are for ejecting the shavings or cuttings from the hole. The said shelf projections are at the proper point-near the lower end of the frame, above the knife-edges c cto receive and hold the cuttings as they are cut and forced up. As the shavings accumulate and bind in the mortise or hole, then by raising the stock or frame the shavings are readily ejected from the mortise by the shelf projections 7r 7;. Furthermore, it will be seen by referring to Fig. 1 that the sliding or gear head on the upright part of the boring-machine frame is provided with an eye, G, for a leather strap, I, (shown in dotted lines,) having a stirrup in which the foot of the operator is used to bear or force the cutter into'the wood when in operation; and there are also shown in Fig. 1 suitable guides, P, for holding the lower end of the stock A in position when the machine is in operation, the upper end of said stock being held in position by its connection with the gearing-head.

Finding it necessary to have the boringmachine frame secured solidly to the timber to be mortiscd, I have provided grip-clamps J for that purpose, secured to the bed of the boringmachine frame and properly arranged to admit of adjusting the frame to any part of the timber; The clamps are tightened on the timber by an eccentric-lever, K, on the ceuter clamp-bar, as shown also in Figs. 1, 9, and 10. The clamps J are fitted in cross-recesses in the bottom of the frame-bed L, have L- shaped ends, and are adjustably secured to the bed by bolts r passing up through crossslots h in the bed, having clamp-nuts i, so the bed can be clamped upon the timber to be mortised by the bars J, having their righta-ngled ends on one side of the timber, and the eccentric K bound hard upon the other side of the timber, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. The cutter F can be removed and renewed when required. 13y wear and sharpening it becomes less in width, and to compensate for this the cutter can be removed and a metal plate bushing placed between it and its seat, thus preserving the same extent of cut. The

relation oi. the stock A. to the cutter is such as to allow the stock to pass into the mortise free of its walls, so that it will not bind, and for this purpose the end cutters, ff, must extend beyond the sides of the stock, as shown in Fig. 6. The mortising-tool is raised from the mortise as in the carpenters hand boring machine; and in its vertical movement it is guided by the guides, which are bolted to and project from the vertical framing of the machine and embrace the stock, while the upper end of the drivingshaft is secured in a socket in the lower end of the short shaft of the bevel driving-gear in the same manner as in the common carpenters handborer. My mortising appliance may, however, be used in stationary poweranachines.

I claim 1.. The cutter-head having a llat base, a cam formation at the side opposite to the base, and end journals. combined with a fiat cutting-blade having side an'l end cross segmental cutters, a vertically-operating slide stock, and vertically-revolving shaft fitted in bearings in said slide-stock, having the lower end terminating in a nose-cam projeetion adapted to act upon the cam formation of the cutter-head, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

2. The combination, with. the slide-stock A and the cam cutter-head, journaled therein, of a cutter blade having side cutting-edges, c c, and projecting end segmental cutters, f, secured to the said cutter-head, and the ver tical revolving shaft 0, having a free engaging cam projection with said cutter-head, the said end cross-cutters extending outside of the vertical plane ot'thc said slide-stock, substantially as herein described, for the purpose specified.

:3. The slide-stoclrA, having its lower end rounded at each side and formed with the side clearing shelves or projections, combined. with the cam cutter-head, the cutter F, and the revolving cam-shaft, the cam whereof has a free engagement with the cutter-head cam, for operation substantially as shown and described.

i. The cutter-head having the cam hollows or steps 0 c, and the cutter F, having the side and end cutters formed substantially as described, in combination with a driving-shaft having a cam' projection adapted to engage with said cutter-head, cam-steps, and a stock in which the cuttenhead and its operating shaft are mounted in the relation to each other as described.

5. An oscillating mortising cuttcr-head hav ing journ.al-bearings, combined with a cutter having parallel side cutting-edges, e e, and segmental end projections having cutter-teeth f, beveled from their inner sides in opposite IIO directions from the middle of said cutter, substantially as herein set forth, for the purpose specified.

6. The combination, with an oscillating cutter-head and a shaft adapted to operate said cutter-head by a revolving ll10ti01l,0f a verticallyoperating stock having side clearing shelves or projections arranged above the oscillating cutter, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

7. The combination, with the slide-stock, of an oscillatory cutter-head, and a cutter proper having opposite edge cutters and end cutters, the latter being toothed to cut across the grain in the direction of its operation both ways, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with the oscillating inortising cutter-head, the vertically-operating stock, the revolving driving-shaft, and the main frame, of an adjustable clamp arranged upon the frame-bed, adapted to secure it to the timber to be mortised, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing wit- 2o nesses.

JAMES OPPENHEIMER.

\Vitnesses:

A. E. H. J oirrsox, J. \V. HAMILTON JOHNSON. 

